المعنى الاصطلاحي

An ethical philosophy named after the "riwāq" (portico) where Zeno taught his students his doctrine, which was based on pantheism, and that everything is material including knowledge, intellect, and God.

الشرح المختصر

"Riwāqiyyah" (Stoicism), or "falsafah riwāqiyyah" (Stoic philosophy) is a philosophical school founded by ancient Greek philosophers who marked a new stage in Greek philosophy. They were given this name because they gathered in a "riwāq" (portico; the Stoa Poikile: a famous colonnade in ancient Athens) or because the philosopher walked in the Stoa's shade while giving his lessons. The founder of "Riwāqiyyah" was Zeno of Citium (336-264 BC), who had Greek and Roman followers. The basic tenets of "Riwāqiyyah": True philosophy is the scientific philosophy. There is nothing in existence except matter. Accordingly, they claim pantheism and consider that everything is material, even knowledge, intellect, and God. "Riwāqiyyah" succeeded the philosophical schools of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Its most prominent philosophers are: Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus, whose dates of birth are chronologically close.

التعريف اللغوي المختصر

"Riwāqiyyah": derived from "riwāq", which means portico or a curtain hanging over the entrance of a house from its top to the ground. Original meaning: entrance hall.