الشهيد
كلمة (شهيد) في اللغة صفة على وزن فعيل، وهى بمعنى (فاعل) أي: شاهد،...
hostile unbelievers (أَهْلُ الْحَرْبِ)
الفقه أصول الفقه
التعريف :
Unbelievers living in the land of war who refused to accept Islam and entered in no peace or security agreement with the Muslim state.
المعنى الاصطلاحي :
The disbeliever enemies who neither have a covenant with Muslims nor are granted protection in Muslim lands.
الشرح المختصر :
"Ahl al-harb" (belligerent disbelievers) are the enemies from among the disbelievers who have no "‘ahd" (covenant) with Muslims or "dhimmah" (protection) in Muslim territories. "Harb" means war, or a state of hostility, struggle, and fighting. "‘Ahd" and "dhimmah", in this context, mean mutual non-belligerency pacts.