العالم
كلمة (عالم) في اللغة اسم فاعل من الفعل (عَلِمَ يَعلَمُ) والعلم...
Talhah ibn ‘Ubaydullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man from the people of Najd, with disheveled hair, came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). We could hear his loud voice but could not understand what he was saying: until he came close to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when it then became clear that he was asking about Islam. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are five (obligatory) prayers during the day and the night." He said: "Do I have to perform any other prayer besides these?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, unless you do so voluntarily." He added: "And the fasting of Ramadan." The man asked: "Do I have to fast any other days beyond this?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, unless you do so voluntarily." Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told him about the Zakah, and the man asked: "Do I have to pay anything else besides this?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, unless you do so voluntarily." Then the man went back and said: "By Allah! I will neither do more nor less than this." Upon hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) remarked: "He will be successful if he proves to be truthful."
شرح الحديث :
A man from the people of Najd went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). His hair was disheveled and his voice was loud. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with him) could not understand what he was saying until he went close to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him about the religious duties of Islam. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned prayer first, telling him that Allah imposed five daily prayers upon him. The man asked if there were more prayers to be performed besides these five, and the Prophet answered in the negative, unless one wants to pray voluntarily. The Friday prayer is counted among these for being one of the five daily prayers performed on Fridays. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) also mentioned fasting the month of Ramadan among the obligatory religious duties. The man, again, asked if there were any other days to fast along with Ramadan. The Prophet replied in the negative; with the exception of voluntary fasting, such as fasting on Mondays and Thursdays, fating six days from Shawwāl, and fasting on the day of ‘Arafah. All of this would be recommended. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned Zakah. The man asked if he had to pay any more charity besides the compulsory Zakah. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) again replied in the negative, unless one wants to voluntarily donate, which would be good. Having heard about these compulsory religious duties, the man left and swore to adhere to these obligations without adding anything to or decreasing anything from them. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) commented that he would achieve success if he was truthful to his commitment because he would be performing the obligations which Allah, the Exalted, imposed upon him.