الأحد
كلمة (الأحد) في اللغة لها معنيانِ؛ أحدهما: أولُ العَدَد،...
Protection pact
(عَقْدُ الذِّمَّة)
من موسوعة المصطلحات الإسلامية
المعنى الاصطلاحي
A pact made with non-Muslims living in an Islamic state that guarantees protection for their lives and properties on the condition that they pay the "jizyah" (tax imposed on non-Muslims who live under the Muslim rule) and adhere to the rulings of Islam pertaining to worldly affairs.
الشرح المختصر
"‘Aqd adh-dhimmah" (protection pact) is a commitment made by the Muslim leader or his deputy to allow some non-Muslims from among the People of the Book, the Jews and Christians, and those who falsely believe that they have a divine book, such as the Zoroastrians, to practice their religion and remain in their lands or the lands of the Muslims. This pact grants them a guarantee that the Muslims will protect and defend them; however, it requires that they pay the "jizyah" tax and that they abide by the manifest rulings of Islam. This pact is concluded when both parties verbally agree or do what substitutes verbal agreement. It is not a stipulation to write down the agreement. The Muslim leader, or his deputy, is the one responsible for concluding the agreement.