المعنى الاصطلاحي :

A deviant Jewish sect that is also known as "Al-Yoodh‘āniyyah", which is an ascription to a person called Yoodh‘ān from Hamadān. Yoodh‘ān claimed that the Torah had an apparent and a hidden meaning, and he disagreed with the Jews over drawing similarity between Allah, the Exalted, and His creation. Furthermore, he was more inclined to believe in predestiny and that human actions are realistically created by humans.

الشرح المختصر :

"Al-Muqārabah" is also known as "Al-Yoodh‘āniyyah", which is an ascription to the founder, Yoodh‘ān from Hamadān. The founder's name was also said to be Yahoodhā. He used to encourage people to observe asceticism and perform plenty of prayer and would discourage them from consuming meat and alcohol. He claimed that the Torah had an apparent and a hidden meaning as well as a revealed and an interpreted text. He generally disagreed with the majority of the Jews in his interpretations, particularly in regards to drawing similarity between Allah and the creation. He was also more inclined to believe in predestiny and that human actions are realistically created by humans, and he therefore overemphasized that rewards and punishments will be accrued by each person based on that. A section of "Al-Muqārabah" claimed that Allah, the Exalted, addressed the prophets, peace be upon them, through an angel who was selected, preferred to all the creation, and appointed by Allah as His representative and successor. They further claimed that any description of Allah, the Almighty, in the Torah or any other holy scripture is a narration from that angel, for it is not befitting to describe Allah, the Exalted, with a specific description. They also claimed that the one who spoke to prophet Mūsa (Moses), peace be upon him, was that angel and that the tree that was mentioned in the Torah was that angel as well, for, according to them, Allah is Far Elevated from speaking to a human being. They also claim that it is possible for Allah to send a spiritual angel from among His chosen servants and assign His name to him, as if He was saying: "This is my messenger; his position is the same as My position, his statement is My statement, his command is My command, his presence among you is like My presence." They also have many other false beliefs.

التعريف اللغوي المختصر :

"Muqārabah": to avoid extremism and negligence and pursue a moderate way. Original meaning indicates closeness or nearness. Opposite: "bu‘d" (remoteness).