المعنى الاصطلاحي

A philosophical, literary atheistic doctrine that is based on highlighting the value of individual existence and its characteristics.

الشرح المختصر

"Wujoodiyyah" (existentialism) is an atheistic doctrine and philosophical permissive ideology that is based on a deceptive idea: raising the value of man, and that he is thoughtful, free, has a will and choice, and is not in need of any guidance. He only must present himself, assert his existence, make his essence with his own will, create his own deeds, and determine his own qualities and identity with his free choice independently from a creator or any other values that go against his will. He must choose the moral values that regulate his life. This became the most famous doctrine that was firmly established within the 20th century western literature. Existentialists, however, differed on how this doctrine is to be accomplished. Some stated that man confirms his existence through giving free rein to his desires while turning a deaf ear to any customs, religion, or morals. Others said that it is accomplished by facing fears and risks and undergoing ordeals and trials. This philosophy has led to widespread moral chaos, sexual permissiveness, dissolution, and corruption. People disagreed on why they were called existentialists. Some stated that the reason is that they believed that man's existence precedes his essence. Others said that it is because they regarded the existence of a being in essence as more important than him being an individual belonging to a kind including multiple individuals. Western thinkers believe that Søren Kierkegārd (1813-1855) is regarded as the founder of this philosophy. Jean-Paul Sartre, who was born in 1905 in France, is one of its most prominent figures, and he was an atheist.

التعريف اللغوي المختصر

"Wujoodiyyah": an attribution to "wujood" (existence). It is used to mean essence, establishment, occurrence of something, and the like. "Mawjood" (existent) is the opposite of "ma‘doom" (non-existent).

التعريف

A philosophical trend which highlights man’s individual existence, giving him high value and treating him as having intellect, thought, freedom, will and absolute choice, which means that he need have no external guidance. Therefore, man must get rid of all restraint and controls imposed by religion, law and social tradition. The best-known advocates of this trend were Soren Kierkegaard, Berdyaev and Jean-Paul Sartre.