Sakhr reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) raided Thaqīf. When Sakhr heard of this, he headed with some horsemen to support the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Yet, he found that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) had returned without conquering (Thaqīf). On that day Sakhr swore by Allah, making it an obligation upon himself, that he would not depart from that fortress until they (Thaqīf) surrendered to the commandment of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). So, he did not leave them until they surrendered to the commandments of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Sakhr then wrote to the Prophet: "O Messenger of Allah, Thaqīf surrendered to your commandment and I am on my way to them. They have horses with them." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then ordered prayers to be offered in congregation. He then supplicated for Ahmas ten times saying: "O Allah, bless for Ahmas its horsemen and infantrymen." Then people (of Thaqīf) came and Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah said to the Prophet: "O Prophet, Sakhr took my paternal aunt, but she embraced Islam like other Muslims." The Prophet called Sakhr and said: "O Sakhr, when people embrace Islam, they secure their blood and property. Give back to Al-Mughīrah his paternal aunt." So he returned his aunt to him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked: "What about Banu Sulaym who have run away for fear of Islam and left that water?" Sakhr said: "O Prophet, allow me and my people to settle there." He said: 'Yes.' So he allowed them to settle there. Banu Sulaym then embraced Islam, and they came to Sakhr asking him to return their water to them, but he refused. So they went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Prophet, we embraced Islam and came to Sakhr to return our water to us, but he refused." He (the Prophet) then came to him and said: "O Sakhr, when people embrace Islam, they secure their properties and blood. Return to the people their water." He said: "Yes, O Prophet." Sakhr said: "I saw the face of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) reddening with embarrassment at that moment for taking back the slave-girl and the water."
شرح الحديث :
This Hadīth shows that when disbelievers embrace Islam, their blood and properties become inviolable. In this respect, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) says in an authentic Hadīth: ''I was commanded to fight people until they testify that there is no god but Allah. If they say it, they shall protect their blood and properties from me, except for a legal reason, and their reckoning is with Allah.'' Fighting the disbelievers is meant to make them enter Islam. If they reject, they are to be fought. First, they should be called to Islam. If they respond, the purpose will be fulfilled, and praise be to Allah. If they do not, they shall be fought. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) tried to conquer and besiege the tribe of Thaqīf. However, he went back without being able to conquer them. As indicated in this Hadīth, Sakhr, who belonged to the tribe of Ahmas, vowed to Allah, the Exalted, that he would besiege Thaqīf until they surrender to the judgment of the Messenger of Allah. When he attained his goal, he wrote to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to tell him of this news. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) rejoiced and supplicated for the people of Ahmas, both their infantry and cavalry. Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him) who belonged to Thaqīf, went and told the Prophet that Sakhr took his paternal aunt. So the Prophet asked Sakhr to give Al-Mughīrah his aunt back, saying that when people enter Islam, they secure their blood and properties. Sakhr complied. Also, a group of the disbelievers from Banu Sulaym ran away leaving behind a well of water that belonged to them. Therefore, Sakhr asked the Prophet to allow him and his people to settle there. The Prophet allowed them. However, when Banu Sulaym entered Islam, they came to Sakhr and asked for their water, but he refused. So they complained to the Prophet, who said that when people enter Islam, they secure their blood and property. Then he asked Sakhr to give those people their water back. Sakhr complied and noted that he saw the Prophet's face turning red, for feeling embarrassed because of asking Sakhr to return the water well and Al-Mughīrah's aunt. Most likely, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did so to make Banu Sulaym love Islam. The Prophet might have also asked for Sakhr's willing permission and he was satisfied with such procedure, like what happened when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was distributing the war booties of Hawāzin, as reported in another Hadīth.