القيوم
كلمةُ (القَيُّوم) في اللغة صيغةُ مبالغة من القِيام، على وزنِ...
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to perform prayer after the ‘Asr prayer although he forbade it; he also used to fast for days without having food although he forbade it.
In this Hadīth, ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) explains to us that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to perform supererogatory prayers after the ‘Asr prayer, despite his forbidding of prayers during this time. She also mentioned here his continuous fasting, in the sense that he would fast for two or more consecutive days without having food and forbid it as well. This Hadīth is rejected but other authentic Hadīths suffices us to be in need for this Hadīth. As for prohibition of fasting consecutive days without having food, Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not fast consecutively for days (without having food). " People said: "You do so." He said: "I am not like one of you. I am fed and provided drink," or "I am given food and drink during the night" [Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]. As for prayers after the ‘Asr prayer being prohibited, Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) "forbade praying after the ‘Asr prayer until the sun sets and praying after the Fajr prayer until the sun rises" [Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]. His praying after the ‘Asr prayer was special to him. Abu Salamah reported that he asked ‘Ā’ishah about the prayer that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to perform after the ‘Asr prayer. She said: "He used to perform it before the ‘Asr prayer, but he would either get busy or forget to pray it, so he performed it after the ‘Asr prayer, and then he performed it regularly; and whenever he would perform a prayer he would perform it regularly." [Muslim]