الحافظ
الحفظُ في اللغة هو مراعاةُ الشيء، والاعتناءُ به، و(الحافظ) اسمٌ...
Ending an assembly and leaving each participant his own way.
"Tafarruq" (ending an assembly) means ending an assembly that was set up to conclude a contract. Its rulings vary according to its topic. What is decided in an assembly becomes invalid when the contract parties split up, and the contract becomes invalid if "tafarruq" occurs before making the payment when that is a condition of the contract validity. "Tafarruq" which makes a sale transaction binding is that which is done physically, not with words, and it varies according to the place where the contract is being made. Local custom is what counts here, so what people consider as binding "tafarruq" will be so, and what they consider not to be binding will not be binding. This is because what is not decided by the Shariah or by language depends on the custom. So, if the contract parties are in a big house, then "tafarruq" will occur by their going out from the house to the courtyard. If they are in a market or a desert, then "tafarruq" will be by turning their backs to each other and walking a small distance away. It was said that "tafarruq" occurs only when one moves away from his companion in such a way that if he talks to him in a normal tone without raising his voice, the latter will not hear him.
"Tafarruq": splitting up, separation. Opposite: "tajammu‘" (gathering). Original meaning of tafreeq": distinguishing, differentiating. Other meanings: going in different directions.
- division within the nation resulting from differences in basics and the presence of multiple trends and leanings.
رمضانُ شهرُ الانتصاراتِ الإسلاميةِ العظيمةِ، والفتوحاتِ الخالدةِ في قديمِ التاريخِ وحديثِهِ.
ومنْ أعظمِ تلكَ الفتوحاتِ: فتحُ مكةَ، وكان في العشرينَ من شهرِ رمضانَ في العامِ الثامنِ منَ الهجرةِ المُشَرّفةِ.
فِي هذهِ الغزوةِ دخلَ رسولُ اللهِ صلّى اللهُ عليهِ وسلمَ مكةَ في جيشٍ قِوامُه عشرةُ آلافِ مقاتلٍ، على إثْرِ نقضِ قريشٍ للعهدِ الذي أُبرمَ بينها وبينَهُ في صُلحِ الحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وبعدَ دخولِهِ مكةَ أخذَ صلىَ اللهُ عليهِ وسلمَ يطوفُ بالكعبةِ المُشرفةِ، ويَطعنُ الأصنامَ التي كانتْ حولَها بقَوسٍ في يدِهِ، وهوَ يُرددُ: «جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا» (81)الإسراء، وأمرَ بتلكَ الأصنامِ فكُسِرَتْ، ولما رأى الرسولُ صناديدَ قريشٍ وقدْ طأطأوا رؤوسَهمْ ذُلاً وانكساراً سألهُم " ما تظنونَ أني فاعلٌ بكُم؟" قالوا: "خيراً، أخٌ كريمٌ وابنُ أخٍ كريمٍ"، فأعلنَ جوهرَ الرسالةِ المحمديةِ، رسالةِ الرأفةِ والرحمةِ، والعفوِ عندَ المَقدُرَةِ، بقولِه:" اليومَ أقولُ لكمْ ما قالَ أخِي يوسفُ من قبلُ: "لا تثريبَ عليكمْ اليومَ يغفرُ اللهُ لكمْ، وهو أرحمُ الراحمينْ، اذهبوا فأنتمُ الطُلَقَاءُ".