صيام التطوع
Mujībah al-Bāhiliyyah reported from her father or paternal uncle that he came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and then went away and came back again a year later, and his condition and appearance had changed. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, do you not recognize me?" The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Who are you?" He said: "I am Al-Bāhili, the one who came to you a year ago." He asked: "What has changed you? You used to have a good appearance?" He said: "Since I left you, I have not eaten except at night." Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have tortured yourself. Fast the month of patience and a day in every month." He said: "Give me more, for I have strength." He said: "Fast two days." He said: "Give me more." He said: "Fast three days." He said: "Give me more." He said: "Fast some days and leave others in the sacred months," repeating it thrice as he joined three of his fingers together.
عن مُجِيبَةَ الباهلية، عن أبيها أو عمها: أنه أتى رسولَ اللهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ فَأَتَاهُ بَعْدَ سَنَةٍ -وَقَدْ تَغَيَّرَتْ حَالُهُ وَهيئَتُه- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أما تَعرفَنِي؟ قال: «ومَن أنتَ»؟ قال: أنا الباهليُّ الذي جِئتُك عامَ الأوّلِ. قال: «فَمَا غَيَّرَكَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتَ حَسَنَ الهَيْئَة!» قالَ: ما أكلتُ طعاماً منذ فَارقتُك إلا بِليلٍ. فقال رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم-: «عذّبتَ نفسَكَ!» ثم قال: «صُمْ شَهْرَ الصَّبْرِ، وَيَوماً مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْر» قالَ: زِدنِي، فإنّ بي قُوةً، قال: «صُم يَومَين» قالَ: زِدنِي، قال: «صُم ثَلاثةَ أيامٍ» قال: زِدنِي، قال: «صُمْ مِنَ الحُرُم وَاتركْ، صُمْ مِنَ الحُرُمِ وَاتركْ، صُمْ مِنَ الحُرُمِ وَاتركْ» وقال بأصابِعه الثَّلاثِ فَضَمَّها، ثُمَّ أرْسَلَهَا.
شرح الحديث :
This Companion Al-Bāhili (may Allah be pleased with him) had fasted so much that his appearance had changed and his strength had weakened. Then he came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him: "Do you not recognize me?" The Prophet inquired: "Who are you?" He said: "I am Al-Bāhili, the one who came to you last year." He then informed him of the kind of fasting that he had been observing. Ever since he had parted with him, he had not stopped fasting and had not eaten but little food. In response, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "You have subjected yourself to suffering." And he instructed him to fast the month of Ramadan and one or three days in every month and, if able, to fast some days in the sacred months and leave others, given the immense reward that can be obtained during this blessed time. This Hadīth is weak and is not supported by any evidence.