الغفور
كلمة (غفور) في اللغة صيغة مبالغة على وزن (فَعول) نحو: شَكور، رؤوف،...
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The verse where Allah, the Almighty, says: ﴿Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you, (O Muhammad), and what was revealed before you? They wish to refer for judgment to Tāghūt (false deities). ..﴾ [Sūrat An-Nisā': 60] was revealed in relation to two men who were disputing. One of them said: "Let's take our case to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). " The other said: "Let's take it to Ka‘b ibn al-Ashraf." Then they brought their case to ‘Umar, and one of them told him the story. So ‘Umar asked the one who refused to take the case to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): "Is this true?" He replied: 'Yes.' So he struck him with the sword and killed him.
شرح الحديث :
This Hadīth presents one of the reasons reported for the revelation of this verse [Sūrat An-Nisā': 60]. A hypocrite whose name was Bishr had a dispute with a Jewish man, so one of them (the Jew) said: "Let's raise our case to the Prophet", while the other said: "Let's raise it to Ka‘b ibn al-Ashraf (a Jew). " When ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) heard this story and verified it, he killed the one who was not pleased with seeking the judgment of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in their dispute. The other reported reason for the revelation of this verse was narrated by Ash-Sha‘bi. He said: "There was a dispute between a man from the hypocrites and a Jew. The Jew said: 'Let Muhammad judge between us,' because he knew that he (Muhammad) did not accept bribes. The hypocrite said: 'Let the Jews judge between us,' because he knew that they accepted bribes. So, they agreed to go to a sorcerer in Juhaynah and let him judge between them. Thereupon, Allah revealed the verse: ﴿Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you (O Muhammad) and what was revealed before you? They wish to resort for judgment to Tāghūt.﴾ [Sūrat An-Nisā': 60]"