الظاهر
هو اسمُ فاعل من (الظهور)، وهو اسمٌ ذاتي من أسماء الربِّ تبارك...
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever gives up obedience and separates from the Muslim community and then dies has died a death like that of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance. Whoever fights under the banner of a blind, unguided cause, getting flared up for his people's pride, calling to fight for the sake of his people's pride or in support of his people's pride or personal inclination, and, therefore, is killed, his killing is like that of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance. Whoever breaks his allegiance to my Ummah, killing the righteous and the wicked of them, paying no heed to the believers among them, and not fulfilling a covenant with those with whom he has made covenants, he does not belong to me and I do not belong to him."
شرح الحديث :
This Hadīth means that anyone who separates from the community of Muslims who agreed to obey a ruler, such a ruler who united them and protected them from the enemies, and he dies in this state, he has died like the pre-Islamic people would die. Before Islam, people lived in chaos and had no ruler. Also, anyone who fights under a banner whose validity of purpose is unknown, such as fighting out of fanaticism and tribalism, becoming angry for one's people, calling for supporting the pride of his people; meaning that he fights and gets angry for the sake of personal desire and tribalism, [and dies in this case, he dies as pre-Islamic people would die]. Finally, anyone who rebels against the Muslim Ummah, striking the good and the wicked, the believers who live in Muslim lands and the protected non-Muslims who live in Muslim lands in return for the Jizyah (per capita yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects — Dhimmis — permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law) payment, without considering the consequences of his actions — the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) has disassociated himself from such a person.